July 19

July 19 is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 165 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete – Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
• 1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill – The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
• 1544 – Italian War of 1542: the first Siege of Boulogne begins.
• 1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth.
• 1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days of reign.
• 1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
• 1692 – Salem Witch Trials: five women are hanged for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts.
• 1701 – Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
• 1760 – A formal request to found what will become Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is filed.
• 1832 – The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.
• 1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
• 1848 – Women's rights: a two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York; there the "Bloomers" are introduced.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid – At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1864 – Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking – The Qing Dynasty finally defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• 1879 – Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up his New Mexico saloon.
• 1912 – A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg explodes over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
• 1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles – British and Australian troops attack German trenches in a prelude to the Battle of the Somme.
• 1919 – Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen riot and burn down Luton Town Hall.
• 1940 – World War II: Battle of Cape Spada – The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
• 1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
• 1942 – World War II: Battle of the Atlantic – German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
• 1947 – The Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members are assassinated by Galon U Saw.
• 1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: at a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1976 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1979 – The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
• 1983 – The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
• 1985 – The Val di Stava dam collapses killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
• 1989 – United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the 296 passengers.
• 1992 – Anti-Mafia Judge Paolo Borsellino is killed by a Mafia car bomb in Palermo, Italy together with five police officers.

Births

• 1670 – Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
• 1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
• 1744 – Heinrich Christian Boie, German author (d. 1806)
• 1759 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
• 1771 – Thomas Talbot, Irish-born Canadian administrator (d. 1853)
• 1789 – John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
• 1800 – Juan José Flores, Venezuelan military and 1st, 3rd and 4th President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
• 1814 – Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
• 1819 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
• 1822 – Princess Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1916)
• 1827 – Mangal Pandey, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1857)
• 1834 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• 1849 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (d. 1906)
• 1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
• 1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
• 1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
• 1876 – John Gunn, England cricketer (d. 1963)
• 1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
• 1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and film producer (d. 1972)
• 1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian-born Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
• 1888 – Enno Lolling, German physician and head of the Sanitätswesen (d. 1945)
• 1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
• 1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
• 1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, Bengali politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
• 1894 – Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
• 1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
• 1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
• 1896 – Bob Meusel, American baseball player (d. 1977)
• 1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
• 1904 – Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer, the last descendant of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1985)
• 1907 – Isabel Jewell, American actress (d. 1972)
• 1912 – Norman Carr, British conservationist (d. 1997)
• 1914 – Marius Russo, American baseball player (d. 2005)
• 1916 – Eve Merriam, American poet, playwright and teacher (d. 1992)
• 1917 – William Scranton, American politician
• 1919 – Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
• 1919 – Dallas McKennon, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1920 – Patricia Medina, English-born actress
• 1921 – Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate
• 1922 – Harold Camping, American evangelist, founder of Family Radio
• 1922 – George McGovern, American politician, delegate from South Dakota
• 1923 – William A. Rusher, American newspaper columnist
• 1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Arthur Rankin, Jr., American writer, producer and director
• 1925 – Sue Thompson, American pop and country music singer
• 1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress
• 1932 – Jan Lindblad, Swedish naturalist, writer and photographer (d. 1987)
• 1934 – Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
• 1935 – Vasily Livanov, Russian and Soviet film actor
• 1937 – George Hamilton IV, American country singer
• 1938 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
• 1938 – Nicholas Bethell, British historian (d. 2007)
• 1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1940 – Dennis Cole, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1941 – Vikki Carr, American singer
• 1941 – Neelie Kroes, Dutch EU Commissioner for Competition
• 1943 – Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor
• 1945 – George Dzundza, American actor
• 1946 – Alan Gorrie, Scottish multi-instrumentalist (Average White Band)
• 1946 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
• 1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
• 1947 – Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
• 1948 – Beverly Archer, American actress
• 1948 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboardist (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
• 1949 – Ivar Kants, Australian actor
• 1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian politician, Minister of Finance
• 1950 – Freddy Moore, American songwriter
• 1951 – Abel Ferrara, American filmmaker
• 1951 – Jayson Stark, American sportswriter
• 1952 – Allen Collins, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
• 1952 – Robert A. Ficano, American politician
• 1952 – John Griesheimer, American politician
• 1954 – Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist
• 1955 – Roger Binny, Indian cricketer
• 1956 – Nikki Sudden, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
• 1956 – Joe Mohen, American internet entrepreneur, founder of SpiralFrog
• 1956 – Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1958 – Robert Gibson, American professional wrestler
• 1958 – David Robertson, American symphony orchestra conductor
• 1959 – Juan Jose Campanella, Argentinian filmmaker
• 1960 – Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
• 1961 – Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
• 1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese film director
• 1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor
• 1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director
• 1961 – Lisa Lampanelli, American comedian
• 1962 – Anthony Edwards, American actor
• 1962 – Aya Kitō, Japanese writer (d. 1988)
• 1963 – Garth Nix, Australian fantasy writer
• 1964 – André A. Jackson, French-born diamond manufacturer, founder of African Diamond Producers Association
• 1964 – Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, actor and racing driver
• 1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
• 1965 – Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
• 1966 – Nancy Walls, American actress
• 1966 – David Segui, American baseball player
• 1967 – Muriel Degauque, Belgian terrorist, the first western female suicide bomber in Iraq (d. 2005)
• 1967 – Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
• 1967 – Stuart Howe, Canadian operatic tenor
• 1968 – Robert Flynn, American vocalist and guitarist (Machine Head)
• 1968 – Jim Norton, American comedian and radio personality (The Opie and Anthony Show)
• 1969 – Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
• 1970 – Bill Chen, American quantitative analyst, poker player and software designer
• 1971 – Russell Allen, American vocalist (Symphony X)
• 1971 – Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
• 1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1971 – Michael Modest, American professional wrestler
• 1972 – Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
• 1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
• 1973 – Martin Powell, English violinist and keyboardist (Cradle of Filth, My Dying Bride)
• 1973 – Laurits Munch-Petersen, Danish film director
• 1973 – Saïd Taghmaoui, French actor
• 1973 – Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974 – Rey Bucanero, Mexican professional wrestler
• 1974 – Malcolm O'Kelly, Irish rugby union footballer
• 1974 – Preston Wilson, American baseball player
• 1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
• 1976 – Vinessa Shaw, American actress
• 1977 – Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American professional wrestler
• 1977 – Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
• 1977 – Ed Smith, English cricketer
• 1979 – Rick Ankiel, American baseball player
• 1979 – Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1979 – Michelle Heaton, British pop singer
• 1979 – Luke Young, English footballer
• 1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
• 1980 – Giorgio Mondini, Italian racing driver
• 1980 – Mark Webber, American actor
• 1981 – David Bernard, Jamaican West Indies cricketer
• 1981 – Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
• 1981 – Didz Hammond, English bass guitarist (Dirty Pretty Things, The Cooper Temple Clause)
• 1981 – Nenê, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 – Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
• 1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
• 1982 – Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
• 1982 – Jess Vanstrattan, Australian football (soccer) player
• 1983 – Helen Skelton, British TV presenter
• 1984 – Alessandra De Rossi, Filipino actress
• 1984 – Ryan O'Byrne, Canadian hockey player
• 1984 – Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian animator
• 1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
• 1984 – Andrea Libman, Canadian actress and voice actress
• 1984 – Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
• 1984 – Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
• 1985 – LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
• 1987 – Marc Murphy, Australian rules footballer

Deaths

• 514 – Pope Symmachus
• 931 – Uda of Japan (b. 867)
• 1374 – Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
• 1415 – Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
• 1543 – Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. c. 1499)
• 1631 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
• 1687 – Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena (b. 1637)
• 1692 – Sarah Good, American Salem Witch Trials figure (b. 1653)
• 1692 – Susannah Martin, American Salem Witch Trials figure (b. 1621)
• 1742 – William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
• 1810 – Queen Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz of Prussia (b. 1776)
• 1814 – Matthew Flinders, English explorer (b. 1774)
• 1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
• 1850 – Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
• 1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
• 1868 – Soji Okita, Japanese samurai
• 1896 – Abraham H. Cannon, American religious figure (b. 1859)
• 1913 – Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
• 1939 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (b. 1850)
• 1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet female pilot (b. 1916)
• 1947 – Aung San, Burmese nationalist (b. 1915)
• 1947 – U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
• 1965 – Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
• 1974 – Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1974 – Erno Schwarz, Hungarian-American soccer player (b. 1904)
• 1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American country music singer and songwriter (b. 1928)
• 1980 – Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
• 1980 – Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904)
• 1981 – Roger Doucet, French Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
• 1982 – John Harvey, English stage and film actor (b. 1911)
• 1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
• 1985 – Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
• 1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish politician (b. 1913)
• 1990 – Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940)
• 1998 – Elmer Valo, Slovak-American baseball player (b. 1921)
• 2002 – Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
• 2003 – Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Francis A. Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
• 2004 – Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
• 2005 – John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)
• 2005 – Edward Bunker, American writer (b. 1933)
• 2006 – Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
• 2007 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi lawyer, politician, and freelance journalist (b. 1945)
• 2008 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedienne (b. 1907)
• 2008 – Anastasia Blue, American porn actress (b. 1980)
• 2009 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991)
• 2010 – Lorenzen Wright, American basketball player (b. 1975)

Holidays and observances

• Burmese Martyrs' Day (Burma)
• Christian Feast Day
  • Arsenius (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht
  • Justa and Rufina
  • Kirdjun
  • Macrina the Younger, Sister of St. Basil the Great
  • Symmachus
• Sandinista Day or Liberation Day (Nicaragua)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada